The ACEs (Adverse Childhood Experiences) questionnaire is a tool used in public health and psychology to assess a person's exposure to traumatic events during childhood. It was developed in the 1990s by Vincent J. Felitti and Robert F. Anda, two researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente, a health maintenance organization in California.
The ACEs questionnaire consists of 10 questions that inquire about various adverse experiences during childhood, including physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, household dysfunction such as substance abuse, mental illness, domestic violence, parental separation or divorce, and incarceration of a household member. Respondents are asked to indicate whether they experienced each event before the age of 18, and if so, to what extent.
The purpose of the ACEs questionnaire is to provide insight into the prevalence and impact of childhood adversity on health and well-being later in life. Research based on the ACEs study has shown strong correlations between a higher number of adverse childhood experiences and increased risk for a wide range of health problems, including physical and mental health issues, substance abuse, risky behaviors, and social problems. It has been widely used in research, clinical practice, and public health initiatives to better understand and address the long-term effects of childhood trauma.